The story of women in sports is like the story of women in many other activities. First they were ignored, and then gradually became accepted. Now they are just taken for granted as part of any sporting events.
T ake gymnastics, for instance. When women first took part in the Olympic Games in 1928, they were not allowed to do gymnastics. Women’s gymnastics was then thought ‘indecent’.
T he first woman to attract attention to this sport was a Russian girl called Olga Korbut. In the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich she amazed everybody and won a gold medal. The next girl who surprised the whole sporting world was the Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci. In the 1976 Olympic Games she won the overall title. She was then 14. Girls’ popularity in this sport was here to stay.
H owever, if these girls get glory at such an early, they pay for it. They work hard. What’s more, they give their lives, quite often from the age of seven, to the sport. They are considered ‘old’ at the age of twenty.
P erhaps you are wondering what they do when they ‘retire’. For some, fame continues. Olga Korbut, for instance, became a film star and married a Rock musician. Others fall back into obscurity and have to adapt to a new way of life.
W hen asked in an interview whether she regretted her career, Nelli Kim, an ‘old’ gymnast answered, “No. For the rest of your life you always remember the wonderful sensation of flying through the air, after a good routine on the bars. It really is a moment of perfection.”
Pollution
Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless manufacturing methods employed by some industries and absence of consumer demand for environmentally safe products have been behind the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to dispose of.
However, today more and more consumers are choosing ‘green’ and demanding that the products they buy are safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these, Will this product damage the ozone layer?, Is this package of any danger to the environment? Or Can this metal container be used once?
A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the
Environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are ‘green’, that is, friendly to the environment.
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products have tickets on them to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and insist on it in their advertising.
The concern of a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. The public will no longer accept the old attitude of Buy it, Use it and then Throw it away.
Rubbish
D isposing of the rubbish we produce every day is a major problem in cities around the world. In Britain, 85% of waste is disposed by landfill, a system which is supposed to prevent pollution, since waste is buried in the ground. This method is far from perfect; however, finding new areas is becoming difficult. Recycling is an increasingly popular way of getting rid of waste, and in Britain a target of recycling half of all domestic recyclable waste has been set for the coming years.
A city that has solved its waste disposal problem in an unusual way is Machida, in Japan. They have developed a totally new approach to waste disposal. The key to the operation is public co-operation. Families must divide their rubbish into six categories.
rubbish that can be easily burnt (combustible), such as kitchen and garden waste.
non-combustible rubbish such as small electric appliances, plastic tools and plastic toys.
products that are toxic or that cause pollution, such as batteries.
bottles and glass containers that can be recycled.
metal containers that can be recycled.
large items such as furniture and bicycles.
T he items in categories 1-5 are collected on different days; (large items are only collected on request.) Then the rubbish is taken to a centre that looks like a clean new office building or hospital. Inside, special equipment is used to sort and process the waste. Almost everything can be reused. Kitchen or garden waste becomes fertilizer; combustible items are burnt to produce electricity; metal containers and bottles are recycled and old furniture, clothing and other useful items are cleaned, repaired and resold cheaply or given away. The work provides employment for disabled people and gives them a chance to learn new skills.
N owadays, officials from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own waste disposal problems.
The Human Development
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and standard of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to determine and indicate whether a country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life.[1] The index was developed in 1990 by Indian Nobel prize winner Amartya Sen, Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Lord Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics and has been used since then by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual Human Development Report. Described by Amartya Sen as a "vulgar measure", because of its limitations, it nonetheless focuses attention on aspects of development more sensible and useful than the per capita income measure it supplanted, and is a pathway for serious researchers into the wide variety of more detailed measures contained in the Human Development Reports.The HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:
A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth.Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weight) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (with one-third weight).A decent standard of living, as measured by the log of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) in USD.Each year, UN member states are listed and ranked according to these measures. Those high on the list often advertise it (e.g., Jean Chrétien, Former Prime Minister of Canada [1]), as a means of attracting talented immigrants (economically, individual capital)
Rap in Morocco
Known Arab societies .. great social transformations of the way to dress, language and music minor, the latter known for a profound transformation in the structure here in Morocco. Years ago there was Umm Kulthum and sisters in the Middle and "Beatles" and the other in the west .. And no one heard something called "Rabbi" .. And now each city task by the way has turned into a "comfort dance" and "Hip Hop." "Allah Kaen" months a bridge in Morocco, started from Meknes and then to the rest of the cities .. If followed a march this group since incorporation, we find that it began - eg other teams - singing vocabulary "Albdaeh" .. and the market talk, but after that started and appeared on the television market and publicity, turned to singing, "sharply less" .. Loser "His tongue Alsulait also describes himself, no one is safe from the" Staemah ".. by the government to the parliament .. to .. Islamists to others is not known. People say that they want to live and have a family of "Rabbi", and that he is not afraid and does not acquit anyone .. and songs that can not hear in the "House" oversupplied Albdaeh .. vary between talk the curriculum vitae .. and love for his country .. and an affront to its enemies .. and of course the ever-present talk begin. It is noted that the last Owl "west of death" or "Moroccans to death became a trademark task in Morocco .. "Losers" to defend himself after facing charges of using words begin : "that convey the pulse of the street .. and that something will come from Him." , Considers itself the representative of the song of youth and finds that the future of "bridge" .. A few months ago, Moroccan officials : "Rabbi is the future of Moroccan song," saying this was a storm of opposition from those who are still Etarbon songs "languages" and regarded Rabbi outsider Ttaghavina .. and "incompatible with morality." Rabbi entered politics from the door wide : months before hosting Youth Socialist Union Party in Morocco Magti Rabbi Tawfiq Hazb known "Balkhasr" so Yahya evening attended by senior officials of the party : with songs that contain insults and dictionary "under the belt". Opponents of the party said that the Socialist Union "exploited rap to attract young people after its failed to do so." Professor Abdul Ghani Mendip professor of sociology at the University of Mohammad Alhams is that of Rabbi "comes within the framework of social transformation which Arafa Morocco." Hence, we must Ntani in sentencing and study the issue in a scientific and rational use away from the emotions. And among the finds that the phenomenon of Rabbi alien Ttaghavina and therefore must be cured .. zeolite, and the shift from the view that natural community .. And among the finds that the Rabbi is the future .. and the song of Moroccan considers summer cloud will pass soon ... Among all those views we have the right to ask : Does the fact created alternatives for youth to Governance.
A suivre
